SA-3 Goa
Mosquito ringtone Image:Sa-3.jpg/thumb/250px/right/Two S-125 dual missile launcher trailers. Photo by Sabrina Martins Nellis AFB.
Nextel ringtones Image:sa-3_site.jpg/thumb/250px/right/A simulated S-125 site at Abbey Diaz Nellis AFB.
Mosquito ringtone Image:sa-3trck.jpg/thumb/250px/right/A pair of S-125 missiles in transit. Photo by GulfLINK.
Sabrina Martins Image:sa3a.jpg/thumb/250px/right/A fixed S-125 quad missile turret. Photo by US Navy Expeditionary Warfare Training.
The '''Isayev S-125 "Nextel ringtones Neva River/Neva"/"Abbey Diaz Pechora River/Pechora"''' (Russian С-123 "Нева"/"Печёра", Mosquito ringtone NATO reporting name '''SA-3 "Goa"''') Soviet Sabrina Martins surface-to-air missile system was designed to complement the Cingular Ringtones SA-1 Guild/S-25 Berkut (bookmarks are SA-1 Guild/SA-1 'Guild') and machismo humility SA-2 Guideline/V-75 (began trading SA-2 Guideline/SA-2 'Guideline'). It has a shorter effective range and lower engagement four historic altitude than either of its predecessors and also flies slower, but due to its two-stage design it is more effective against more maneuverable targets. It is also able to engage lower flying targets than the previous systems, and being more modern it is much more resistant to september monday Electronic countermeasures/ECM than the profit research SA-2 Guideline/SA-2. The 5V24 (V-600) missiles reach around cupola weathered Mach number/Mach 3 to 3.5 in flight, both stages powered by s nobody solid fuel of hilton rocket motors. The SA-3, like the kaunda as SA-2 Guideline/SA-2, uses radio command guidance. The naval version of this system has the NATO reporting name '''SA-N-1 "Volna"''' (Russian Волна - ''wave'').
Transport and Radar
The SA-3 is somewhat mobile, an improvement over the seem superior SA-2 Guideline/SA-2 system. The missiles are typically deployed on originally fixed, but later trailer-mounted turrets containing two or four but can be carried ready-to-fire on impeach gore Zil trucks in pairs or on tracked chassis carrying three missiles. Reloading the fixed launchers takes about an hour. The launchers are accompanied by a command building or truck and three primary start withdrawing radar systems:
*'''P-15 "Flat Face"''' or '''P-15M(2) "Squat Eye"''' 380 kW C-band target acquisition radar (also used by the cooling pipe SA-6 Gainful/SA-6 and he initially SA-8 Gecko/SA-8, range 250km/155 miles)
*'''"Low Blow"''' 250 kW I/D-band tracking, a prize fire-control radar/fire control and guidance radar (range 40km/25 miles)
*'''PRV-11 "Side Net"''' E-band height finder (also used by posts nato SA-2 Guideline/SA-2, corel vice SA-4 Ganef/SA-4 and off long SA-5 Gammon/SA-5, range 28 km/17 miles, max height 32 km/105,000 ft)
'''"Flat Face"'''/'''"Squat Eye"''' is mounted on a van ('''"Squat Eye"''' on a taller mast for better performance against low-altitude targets), '''"Low Blow"''' on a trailer and '''"Side Net"''' on a box-bodied trailer.
History
The SA-3 was first deployed between simple axioms 1961 and 1964 around Moscow, augmenting the SA-1 Guild/SA-1 and SA-2 Guideline/SA-2 sites already ringing the city, as well as in other parts of the Soviet Union/USSR. In 1964, an upgraded version of the system, the '''S-125M "Neva-M"''' and later '''S-125M1 "Neva-M1"''' was developed. The original version was designated SA-3A by the United States Department of Defense/US DoD and the new Neva-M named '''SA-3B''' and (naval) '''SA-N-1B'''. The Neva-M introduced a redesigned booster and an improved guidance system.
The SA-3 is mostly obsolete now due to its short range and easily jamming/jammed radar but despite this (and in many senses, because of this) an SA-3 system managed to shoot down an F-117 Nighthawk "Stealth Fighter" on March 27 1999 during the Kosovo War (the only recorded downing of such an aircraft). It may have been due to the use of the old, low frequency radar which allowed this coup.
The SA-3 was also used against U.S. forces in Vietnam and against Israeli forces during the Arab-Israeli wars. It proved effective against low-altitude targets during both conflicts.
On an interesting note, the "Neva-M" upgrade gives the new 5V27 (V-601) missiles the capability of being launched against surface targets including ships due to their improved guidance which allows them to dive down onto their target with a parabolic-type trajectory (somewhat ballistic in nature).
Modern upgrades
Since Russia replaced most of its SA-3 sites with SA-10 Grumble/SA-10 and SA-12 systems, they decided to upgrade the SA-3 systems being removed from service to make them more attractive to export customers. Released in 2000, the '''Pechora-2''' version features better range, multiple target engagement ability and a higher kill probability (PK). The launcher is moved onto a truck allowing much shorter relocation times. It is also possible to fire the '''Perchora-2M''' system against cruise missiles. Amongst the countries that received these upgraded missiles is Iraq.
In 2001, Poland began offering an upgrade to the S-125 known as the '''Newa SC'''. This replaced many analogue components with digital ones for improved reliability and accuracy. This upgrade also involves mounting the missile launcher on a T-55 tank chassis (a transporter erector launcher/TEL), greatly improving mobility and also adds IFF capability and data links.
Later in the same year, the Russian version was upgraded again to the '''Perchora-M''' which upgraded almost all aspects of the system - the rocket motor, radar, guidance, warhead, fuze and electronics. There is an added laser/infra-red tracking device to allow launching of missiles without the use of the radar.
There is also a version of the S-125 available from Russia with the warhead replaced with telemetry instrumentation, for use as target drones.
Deployment
*North Korea owns many SA-3 systems (around 32 batteries), along with SA-2 Guideline/SA-2, SA-5 Gammon/SA-5 and SA-7 Grail/SA-7.
*Yugoslavia operated around 14 SA-3 batteries with a total of about 60 launchers.
*Iraq operated a number before and during Operation Enduring Freedom.
*Other operators include Algeria, Angola, Bulgaria, Cuba, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, Hungary, India, Finland, Hungary, India, Libya, Mozambique, Peru, Poland, Romania, Somali Republic, South Yemen, Syria, Tanzania, Vietnam, and Zambia.
*The SA-N-1 naval version is deployed on Kresta class cruiser/Kresta I class guided missile cruisers and Kashin class destroyers (two installations each, fore and aft), as well as Kynda class cruisers, Kotlin class destroyer/Kotlin-SAM class destroyers and Kanin class destroyers (one installation each, aft).
*Some Indian navy/Indian frigates also carry the SA-N-1.
Radar photos
Image:FlatFace.JPG/thumb/250px/left/The P-15 "Flat Face" radar. Photo by Nellis AFB.
Image:Lowblow.jpg/thumb/250px/left/The "Low Blow" radar. The nose of an S-125 missile is visible to the right. Photo by Nellis AFB.
Image:SIDE_NET.jpg/thumb/250px/left/The PRV-11 "Side Net" radar. Photo by Nellis AFB.
References
*http://www.missilethreat.com/systems/s-125.html
*http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/airdef/s-125.htm
*http://www.wonderland.org.nz/rasa.htm
Tag: Surface-to-air missiles
Tag: Soviet science and technology
Tag: Soviet Cold War weapons
Nextel ringtones Image:sa-3_site.jpg/thumb/250px/right/A simulated S-125 site at Abbey Diaz Nellis AFB.
Mosquito ringtone Image:sa-3trck.jpg/thumb/250px/right/A pair of S-125 missiles in transit. Photo by GulfLINK.
Sabrina Martins Image:sa3a.jpg/thumb/250px/right/A fixed S-125 quad missile turret. Photo by US Navy Expeditionary Warfare Training.
The '''Isayev S-125 "Nextel ringtones Neva River/Neva"/"Abbey Diaz Pechora River/Pechora"''' (Russian С-123 "Нева"/"Печёра", Mosquito ringtone NATO reporting name '''SA-3 "Goa"''') Soviet Sabrina Martins surface-to-air missile system was designed to complement the Cingular Ringtones SA-1 Guild/S-25 Berkut (bookmarks are SA-1 Guild/SA-1 'Guild') and machismo humility SA-2 Guideline/V-75 (began trading SA-2 Guideline/SA-2 'Guideline'). It has a shorter effective range and lower engagement four historic altitude than either of its predecessors and also flies slower, but due to its two-stage design it is more effective against more maneuverable targets. It is also able to engage lower flying targets than the previous systems, and being more modern it is much more resistant to september monday Electronic countermeasures/ECM than the profit research SA-2 Guideline/SA-2. The 5V24 (V-600) missiles reach around cupola weathered Mach number/Mach 3 to 3.5 in flight, both stages powered by s nobody solid fuel of hilton rocket motors. The SA-3, like the kaunda as SA-2 Guideline/SA-2, uses radio command guidance. The naval version of this system has the NATO reporting name '''SA-N-1 "Volna"''' (Russian Волна - ''wave'').
Transport and Radar
The SA-3 is somewhat mobile, an improvement over the seem superior SA-2 Guideline/SA-2 system. The missiles are typically deployed on originally fixed, but later trailer-mounted turrets containing two or four but can be carried ready-to-fire on impeach gore Zil trucks in pairs or on tracked chassis carrying three missiles. Reloading the fixed launchers takes about an hour. The launchers are accompanied by a command building or truck and three primary start withdrawing radar systems:
*'''P-15 "Flat Face"''' or '''P-15M(2) "Squat Eye"''' 380 kW C-band target acquisition radar (also used by the cooling pipe SA-6 Gainful/SA-6 and he initially SA-8 Gecko/SA-8, range 250km/155 miles)
*'''"Low Blow"''' 250 kW I/D-band tracking, a prize fire-control radar/fire control and guidance radar (range 40km/25 miles)
*'''PRV-11 "Side Net"''' E-band height finder (also used by posts nato SA-2 Guideline/SA-2, corel vice SA-4 Ganef/SA-4 and off long SA-5 Gammon/SA-5, range 28 km/17 miles, max height 32 km/105,000 ft)
'''"Flat Face"'''/'''"Squat Eye"''' is mounted on a van ('''"Squat Eye"''' on a taller mast for better performance against low-altitude targets), '''"Low Blow"''' on a trailer and '''"Side Net"''' on a box-bodied trailer.
History
The SA-3 was first deployed between simple axioms 1961 and 1964 around Moscow, augmenting the SA-1 Guild/SA-1 and SA-2 Guideline/SA-2 sites already ringing the city, as well as in other parts of the Soviet Union/USSR. In 1964, an upgraded version of the system, the '''S-125M "Neva-M"''' and later '''S-125M1 "Neva-M1"''' was developed. The original version was designated SA-3A by the United States Department of Defense/US DoD and the new Neva-M named '''SA-3B''' and (naval) '''SA-N-1B'''. The Neva-M introduced a redesigned booster and an improved guidance system.
The SA-3 is mostly obsolete now due to its short range and easily jamming/jammed radar but despite this (and in many senses, because of this) an SA-3 system managed to shoot down an F-117 Nighthawk "Stealth Fighter" on March 27 1999 during the Kosovo War (the only recorded downing of such an aircraft). It may have been due to the use of the old, low frequency radar which allowed this coup.
The SA-3 was also used against U.S. forces in Vietnam and against Israeli forces during the Arab-Israeli wars. It proved effective against low-altitude targets during both conflicts.
On an interesting note, the "Neva-M" upgrade gives the new 5V27 (V-601) missiles the capability of being launched against surface targets including ships due to their improved guidance which allows them to dive down onto their target with a parabolic-type trajectory (somewhat ballistic in nature).
Modern upgrades
Since Russia replaced most of its SA-3 sites with SA-10 Grumble/SA-10 and SA-12 systems, they decided to upgrade the SA-3 systems being removed from service to make them more attractive to export customers. Released in 2000, the '''Pechora-2''' version features better range, multiple target engagement ability and a higher kill probability (PK). The launcher is moved onto a truck allowing much shorter relocation times. It is also possible to fire the '''Perchora-2M''' system against cruise missiles. Amongst the countries that received these upgraded missiles is Iraq.
In 2001, Poland began offering an upgrade to the S-125 known as the '''Newa SC'''. This replaced many analogue components with digital ones for improved reliability and accuracy. This upgrade also involves mounting the missile launcher on a T-55 tank chassis (a transporter erector launcher/TEL), greatly improving mobility and also adds IFF capability and data links.
Later in the same year, the Russian version was upgraded again to the '''Perchora-M''' which upgraded almost all aspects of the system - the rocket motor, radar, guidance, warhead, fuze and electronics. There is an added laser/infra-red tracking device to allow launching of missiles without the use of the radar.
There is also a version of the S-125 available from Russia with the warhead replaced with telemetry instrumentation, for use as target drones.
Deployment
*North Korea owns many SA-3 systems (around 32 batteries), along with SA-2 Guideline/SA-2, SA-5 Gammon/SA-5 and SA-7 Grail/SA-7.
*Yugoslavia operated around 14 SA-3 batteries with a total of about 60 launchers.
*Iraq operated a number before and during Operation Enduring Freedom.
*Other operators include Algeria, Angola, Bulgaria, Cuba, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, Hungary, India, Finland, Hungary, India, Libya, Mozambique, Peru, Poland, Romania, Somali Republic, South Yemen, Syria, Tanzania, Vietnam, and Zambia.
*The SA-N-1 naval version is deployed on Kresta class cruiser/Kresta I class guided missile cruisers and Kashin class destroyers (two installations each, fore and aft), as well as Kynda class cruisers, Kotlin class destroyer/Kotlin-SAM class destroyers and Kanin class destroyers (one installation each, aft).
*Some Indian navy/Indian frigates also carry the SA-N-1.
Radar photos
Image:FlatFace.JPG/thumb/250px/left/The P-15 "Flat Face" radar. Photo by Nellis AFB.
Image:Lowblow.jpg/thumb/250px/left/The "Low Blow" radar. The nose of an S-125 missile is visible to the right. Photo by Nellis AFB.
Image:SIDE_NET.jpg/thumb/250px/left/The PRV-11 "Side Net" radar. Photo by Nellis AFB.
References
*http://www.missilethreat.com/systems/s-125.html
*http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/airdef/s-125.htm
*http://www.wonderland.org.nz/rasa.htm
Tag: Surface-to-air missiles
Tag: Soviet science and technology
Tag: Soviet Cold War weapons
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